{"id":1259,"date":"2022-12-15T20:26:27","date_gmt":"2022-12-15T20:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/?p=1259"},"modified":"2022-12-15T20:26:27","modified_gmt":"2022-12-15T20:26:27","slug":"ce-trebuie-sa-stii-cand-instalezi-routere-wi-fi-acasa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/ro\/tehnologie-2\/ce-trebuie-sa-stii-cand-instalezi-routere-wi-fi-acasa\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi atunci c\u00e2nd instala\u021bi routere wireless (Wi-Fi) pentru acas\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One commonality that stands out when discussing Cisco network routers and switches: is the renowned Internetwork Operating System (IOS). This powerful \u201cengine\u201d is what powers all of these devices, ensuring their successful operation. This article will primarily center on iOS and analyze how to manipulate it. Before that occurs, though, I\u2019d like you to be aware of the two distinct approaches used when operating with iOS: either through a Command Line Interface (CLI) or Graphical User Interface (GUI).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interfa\u021ba de Linie de Comand\u0103 (CLI) este o metod\u0103 sofisticat\u0103 de configurare a dispozitivelor IOS. Utiliz\u00e2nd CLI, putem introduce comenzi precise care vor determina comportamentul dorit s\u0103 apar\u0103. Prin urmare, vom avea control complet \u0219i acces la Routerele sau Switch-urile noastre.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interfa\u021ba Grafic\u0103 de Utilizator (GUI) ofer\u0103 o abordare mult mai prietenoas\u0103 pentru gestionarea dispozitivelor de acest tip. Adesea, ne baz\u0103m pe ea atunci c\u00e2nd stabilim dispozitive de re\u021bea mici, cum ar fi Routerele Wireless de Acas\u0103 (Wi-Fi). Aceast\u0103 sec\u021biune va explora cum utilizatorii pot accesa Cisco IOS (versiunile 15.2 sau 12.4) prin Interfa\u021ba de Linie de Comand\u0103 pentru o operare eficient\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"introduction-to-the-cli\"><b>Introducere \u00een CLI<\/b><\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"basic-router-configurations\"><b>Configur\u0103ri de baz\u0103 ale Routerului<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now it\u2019s time to dive into the exciting bits of this article and begin with a Cisco Router setup. Moreover, we will util<\/span>utiliza\u021bi un simulator de re\u021bea pentru a stabili mediul nostru de re\u021bea<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To ensure that our Cisco Router is up and running, here are some critical settings we\u2019ll configure:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Nume gazd\u0103:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> numele dispozitivului.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Parole:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> criptate \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 sau comunicate \u00eentr-un format deschis, necriptat.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Adrese IP:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00een cadrul interfe\u021belor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Acces de la distan\u021b\u0103:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> administra\u021bi cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 dispozitivele de re\u021bea prin conexiuni Telnet sau SSH securizate.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-user-access-levels-in-cisco-ios\"><b>a) Niveluri de Acces ale Utilizatorului \u00een Cisco IOS<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Au dezvoltat trei niveluri de acces cu activit\u0103\u021bi distincte disponibile pentru fiecare utilizator din motive de securitate.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Verifica\u021bi conexiunea la internet rul\u00e2nd comenzi precum ping sau traceroute. (&gt;)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Get an inside look into what\u2019s actually happening with the device. (#)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pentru a face orice modific\u0103ri. (config)#<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La conectarea la un dispozitiv Cisco, cum ar fi un Router, Switch sau Firewall, vi se va acorda utilizator <\/span><b>mod exec<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (&gt;) \u2013 the primary access level. With this user exec access level, you can only perform basic commands such as ping and traceroute.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To access a greater set of commands and privileges, it\u2019s essential to enter the following command: Router&gt;enable. This will allow you to ascend the ladder and upgrade your level of control.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Am ajuns la al doilea nivel de acces: <\/span><b>mod privilegiu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 R1#. Here you can observe every action taken with the equipment (through various show commands), yet you cannot make any changes.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Router&gt;enable<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Router#<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To create alterations to the device, we would have to advance our access level up an additional notch \u2013 reaching a commanding level known as <\/span><b>mod de configurare global\u0103<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Acest statut \u00eenalt ne ofer\u0103 capacit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i privilegii mai mari dec\u00e2t \u00eenainte.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Router#configure terminal<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Router(config)#<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By accessing the Cisco device\u2019s global configuration mode, you can make any desired alterations with complete control \u2013 akin to having Windows Administrator or root user access on Linux.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To ensure you\u2019re prepared for any challenge, here are a few commands that I highly suggest familiarizing yourself with: If you want to save time and typing effort while still ensuring accuracy, we\u2019ve got the perfect solution for composing longer commands.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you type \u201cR1#show run\u201d and hit the TAB key, it will autocomplete your command. Furthermore, if you enter a question mark (?), any subsequent commands will be displayed on-screen.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/R1-image-1.jpg\" alt=\"Imagine R1\" class=\"wp-image-1260\" width=\"841\" height=\"434\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"b-selecting-a-device-name-hostname\"><b>b) Selectarea unui nume de dispozitiv (Nume gazd\u0103)<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pentru a modifica numele unui Router sau Switch, tot ce trebuie s\u0103 face\u021bi este s\u0103 introduce\u021bi aceast\u0103 comand\u0103: (o ve\u021bi vedea \u00een imaginea urm\u0103toare)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Router(config)#hostname NUME_ROUTER<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>NUME_ROUTER(config)#<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"c-securing-access-to-the-router\"><b>c) Securizarea accesului la Router<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To protect your Router against unauthorized access, let\u2019s look into how we can set up a password in privilege mode (#). Follow this straightforward process to complete the task:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Securing-access-to-the-router-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"Securizarea accesului la imaginea routerului\" class=\"wp-image-1261\" width=\"838\" height=\"254\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Router(config)#hostname R1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config)#enable password cisco sau<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config)#enable secret cisco123<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utilizarea acestei comenzi va seta un banner de avertizare pentru oricine \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 acceseze dispozitivul, avertiz\u00e2ndu-i despre consecin\u021bele poten\u021biale.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config)#banner motd \"ACCES NEAUTORIZAT RESPINS\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If your query is regarding the distinctions between an \u201cenable password\u201d, and a \u201csecret enable,\u201d you\u2019ve come to the right place. Here\u2019s what sets them apart:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Unauthorized-access-3-1.jpg\" alt=\"Imagine acces neautorizat\" class=\"wp-image-1262\" width=\"841\" height=\"453\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O configura\u021bie (#enable secret) este codificat\u0103, \u00een timp ce cealalt\u0103 (#enable password) r\u0103m\u00e2ne necriptat\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s begin by configuring the Router for network access (reachability) using the following topology:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Router-for-network-access-1.jpg\" alt=\"Imagine router pentru acces la re\u021bea\" class=\"wp-image-1263\" width=\"841\" height=\"421\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"d-configuring-an-ip-address-on-the-router\"><b>d) Configurarea unei adrese IP pe Router<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un Router este un instrument de nepre\u021buit care ne permite s\u0103 interconect\u0103m mai multe re\u021bele f\u0103r\u0103 probleme prin diverse porturi, de obicei dou\u0103 sau trei. Ne referim la un port ca fiind spa\u021biul fizic \u00een care poate fi conectat un cablu. C\u00e2t despre partea sa logic\u0103 corespunz\u0103toare, o identific\u0103m ca fiind o interfa\u021b\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pentru a recapitula:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Port = Fizic<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interfa\u021b\u0103 = Logic <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De exemplu, vom configura o adres\u0103 IP (logic\u0103) pe interfa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o vom conecta fizic la un port prin cablu.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pentru ca orice comunicare s\u0103 aib\u0103 loc \u00een re\u021bea, aceste interfe\u021be necesit\u0103 o adres\u0103 IP \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 fie activate, adic\u0103 pornite. A\u0219a cum este ilustrat \u00een figur\u0103, pute\u021bi configura cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 o adres\u0103 IP pe o interfa\u021b\u0103 de re\u021bea:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/IP-address-of-the-router-4-1.jpg\" alt=\"Imagine adres\u0103 IP a routerului\" class=\"wp-image-1264\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config)#interface FastEthernet0\/0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><b>R1(config-if)#ip adres\u0103 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0<\/b><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config-if)#no shutdown<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"f-configuring-remote-access-on-a-router-telnet-ssh\"><b>f) Configurarea accesului de la distan\u021b\u0103 pe un Router (Telnet, SSH)<\/b><\/h3>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"telnet\"><b>Telnet<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aplica\u021biile de re\u021bea ofer\u0103 conexiuni de la distan\u021b\u0103 securizate la re\u021bele, dispozitive (cum ar fi routere \u0219i switch-uri) sau servere. Acest lucru asigur\u0103 un acces fiabil din orice loca\u021bie.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/TELNET-5-1.jpg\" alt=\"TELNET 5 1\" class=\"wp-image-1265\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config)#line vty 0 14<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><b>R1(config-line)#parola cisco<\/b><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><b>R1(config-line)#autentificare<\/b><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To get started, we\u2019ll need to enter our virtual lines (a total of 15), set the password (\u201cCisco\u201d), and then initiate the Telnet process #login.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ssh\"><b>SSH<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To safely connect to a local area network or Internet device remotely, SSH is the ideal protocol. To configure this on Cisco machines, it\u2019s necessary to take certain steps:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stabilirea unui login \u0219i a unei parole personale.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stabilirea unui nume de domeniu&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pentru a asigura siguran\u021ba maxim\u0103, generarea de combina\u021bii de chei publice \u0219i private este esen\u021bial\u0103.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pentru a activa procesul liniilor virtuale (vty), utiliza\u021bi comanda #login local.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen figura de mai jos, pute\u021bi vedea un exemplu de configurare SSH pe un Router Cisco:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/SSH-image-6-1.jpg\" alt=\"Imagine SSH \" class=\"wp-image-1267\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config)#username admin privilege 15 password admincisco321<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config)#ip domain-name my.home.lab<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config)#crypto key generate rsa modulus 1024<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config)#ip ssh version 2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config)line vty 0 15<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config-line)#login local<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>R1(config-line)#transport input ssh telnet<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"to-sum-up\"><b>\u00cen concluzie<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Routerul este esen\u021bial<\/span> device in any computer network because it interconnects multiple networks together. It has different networking protocols enabled (like RIP and OSPF) that assist him with the interconnection process. It also offers many different configurations for security purposes (like passwords on Virtual lines). In this article, we\u2019ve learned how to set up an IP address on the Router, as well as for remote access (Telnet &amp; SSH). We\u2019ve also learned about some of the most important configurations <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">un administrator de re\u021bea ar trebui s\u0103 \u0219tie.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un punct comun care iese \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se discut\u0103 despre routerele \u0219i comutatoarele de re\u021bea Cisco: este renumitul sistem de operare pentru re\u021bele Internet (IOS). Acest \"motor\" puternic este cel care alimenteaz\u0103 toate aceste dispozitive, asigur\u00e2nd... <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/ro\/tehnologie-2\/ce-trebuie-sa-stii-cand-instalezi-routere-wi-fi-acasa\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi atunci c\u00e2nd instala\u021bi routere wireless (Wi-Fi) pentru acas\u0103<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1278,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Install Home Wireless Routers (Wi-Fi) properly | securitybriefing.net<\/title>\n<meta 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