{"id":1443,"date":"2023-02-23T23:51:57","date_gmt":"2023-02-23T23:51:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/?p=1443"},"modified":"2023-02-23T23:51:57","modified_gmt":"2023-02-23T23:51:57","slug":"cam-bien-di-dong-vi-tri-gps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/cong-nghe-2\/cam-bien-di-dong-vi-tri-gps\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn di \u0111\u1ed9ng: V\u1ecb tr\u00ed GPS"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GPS)<\/h2>\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GPS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Hoa K\u1ef3 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00f2m sao g\u1ed3m 24 v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kinh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tam gi\u00e1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng GPS trong d\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/h3>\n\n\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00ec l\u00fd do an ninh, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u GPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi sai. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 70 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu GPS.<\/p>\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GPS<\/a> l\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 (x,y,z), b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ba v\u1ec7 tinh c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu GPS) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi gian bay c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb v\u1ec7 tinh v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u radio \u0111\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u01b0ng trong khi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea1ch anh r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi l\u1ed7i do \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1ed1n v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu.<\/p>\n\n\n

T\u00ednh to\u00e1n Gi\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n

Trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u GPS y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u00e2m trong nhi\u1ec5u n\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh trong d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n radio. Nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c xung ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu GPS nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu dao \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 tinh truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1eabu nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian bay c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu.<\/p>\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea1m m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/h3>\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh cao (4 km\/s), v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1edbi sai s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0i m\u00e9t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 24 \u0111\u1ebfn 48 gi\u1edd. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh, hai \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 cesium v\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 rubidium, g\u1eedi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GPS.<\/p>\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i trong GPS<\/h2>\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng GPS. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ea7ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ly:<\/strong> T\u1ea7ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ly \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u radio \u0111i qua n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, l\u1edbp g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i trong c\u00e1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng GPS kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3:<\/strong> Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 tinh GPS v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 L\u1ed7i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u GPS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i trong kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0103ng-ten GPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc (S\/A):<\/strong> Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ed7i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu-v\u1ec7 tinh:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng GPS. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ed7i \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 tinh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i do tr\u1ec5 t\u1ea7ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ly v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 tinh. M\u1ed7i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed GPS c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2019\u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/a>\u201d d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a GPS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a GPS c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n:<\/strong> T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u GPS h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> GPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c sa m\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh:<\/strong> GPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc cho kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea r\u1eebng v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> GPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> GPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao. B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng GPS \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GPS \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng qua th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong du l\u1ecbch nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9i xe:<\/strong> GPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9i xe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, tr\u1ea1m taxi, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t nhanh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty giao h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> GPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a GPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i:<\/strong> GPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DGPS \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao th\u00f4ng cao, trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng GPS, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng trong kh\u00f4ng gian \u1edf qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c robot hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a GPS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1996, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GPS \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u1eefa s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh GPS s\u1ebd g\u1eedi m\u00e3 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 L2 v\u00e0 L1<\/a>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba cho ph\u00e9p \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ly v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi sai. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 L1 s\u1ebd gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, cho tr\u1ea1m chuy\u00ean gia. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1ea1m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ec7 tinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng GPS, GLONASS v\u00e0 GPS\/GLONASS hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y, khi l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf v\u1ec7 tinh, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i gi\u1edd, trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n EGNOS <\/a>(D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 B\u1ed5 sung \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ecba t\u0129nh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u), s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed3m 34 \u0103ng-ten thu c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (RIMS) tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u GPS v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec7 tinh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa n\u00f3, v\u00e0 g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn 10 tr\u1ea1m m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn hai v\u1ec7 tinh INMARSAT \u0111\u1ecba t\u0129nh m\u1edbi n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 35.000 km, s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. C\u1ea3 M\u1ef9 (WAAS: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng Khu v\u1ef1c R\u1ed9ng<\/a>) v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (MTSAS<\/a>: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean V\u1ec7 tinh MTSAT) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u00f3ng GNSS-1<\/a>, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb V\u1ec7 tinh To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u 1.\u201d H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a GPS, GLONASS, EGNOS, WAAS v\u00e0 MTSAS. \u0110\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (GNSS-2 ho\u1eb7c Galileo) s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00f2m sao c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong n\u0103m n\u0103m t\u1edbi, GPS v\u00e0 GPS\/GLONASS s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng GPS. H\u1ed9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 GPS c\u1ee7a NOAA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GPS v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng sai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GPS) H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GPS) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb do B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1\u2026 Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn di \u0111\u1ed9ng: V\u1ecb tr\u00ed GPS<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1452,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nMobile Sensing: GPS Location | Security Briefing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the sources of error in GPS measurements and how the NOAA GPS Toolbox can help. 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