{"id":1530,"date":"2023-03-05T22:08:15","date_gmt":"2023-03-05T22:08:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/?p=1530"},"modified":"2023-03-05T22:08:15","modified_gmt":"2023-03-05T22:08:15","slug":"quyen-rieng-tu-va-bao-mat-la-dac-diem-chinh-cua-blockchain-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/chuoi-khoi\/quyen-rieng-tu-va-bao-mat-la-dac-diem-chinh-cua-blockchain-phan-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Blockchain: Ph\u1ea7n 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cBlockchain\u201d l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn phi t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 phi t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a an ninh \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i. Do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng tin hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, blockchain gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c Chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i<\/a> c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m Bitcoin, Ethereum v\u00e0 Hyperledger. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t giao d\u1ecbch, nh\u00f3m t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Sybil, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng che khu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng gian l\u1eadn h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 trong Blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Blockchain, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0. H\u1ecd xem x\u00e9t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt an ninh m\u1ea1ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 trong Blockchain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u00e0i x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Blockchain, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n trong giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean Ethereum Blockchain, c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng ngang h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c che gi\u1ea5u m\u1eadt m\u00e3 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt Blockchain v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh che gi\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean Blockchain kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 phi t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng ngang h\u00e0ng Blockchain. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, NodeMaps \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Blockchain P2P ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Bitcoin, Lightning Network, Cosmos v\u00e0 Stellar. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Blockchain \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, ASN v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 phi t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c blockchain kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ERC20. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n tr\u00ean ERC20<\/a> ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, giao d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 giao d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n. Sau khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n giao d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch Ethereum m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u1eddi gian n\u00fat c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb N n\u00fat c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u00fat ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n

Blockchain ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, blockchain \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi giao d\u1ecbch. Trong m\u1ea1ng Bitcoin, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng A mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Bitcoin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng B kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng A s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch Bitcoin. Giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ng Bitcoin cam k\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o, giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o thu th\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng giao d\u1ecbch trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch trong kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00e1c x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 trong kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o blockchain. Ch\u1ec9 khi kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o blockchain, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n Bitcoin n\u00e0y t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng A sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng B m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) L\u01b0u tr\u1eef theo chu\u1ed7i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed7i b\u0103m, c\u00e2y Merkle, ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1, v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn; Blockchain Bitcoin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i Bitcoin v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 giao d\u1ecbch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i sau khi kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cam k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o Blockchain.<\/p>\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chu\u1ed7i<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n

Con tr\u1ecf b\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00e2y Merkle l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai blockchain trong Bitcoin. Con tr\u1ecf b\u0103m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con tr\u1ecf b\u0103m, blockchain li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh c\u00f4ng khai h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t hacker c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c con tr\u1ecf b\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, hacker s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ban \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thao t\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u chu\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2y Merkle l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng con tr\u1ecf b\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u1eb7p n\u00fat c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u00fat \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cha. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c con tr\u1ecf b\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u00fat n\u00e0o trong c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thao t\u00fang d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t n\u00fat con, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m c\u1ee7a n\u00fat cha. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi tin t\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thao t\u00fang n\u00fat tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean tr\u00ean. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00ec con tr\u1ecf b\u0103m c\u1ee7a n\u00fat g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi con tr\u1ecf b\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. M\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y Merkle l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u00fat d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u00fat d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean n\u00fat g\u1ed1c. T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u00e2y Merkle c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh theo th\u1eddi gian logarit b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m so v\u1edbi g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n

V\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00e0y, t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1eadt m\u00e3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thao t\u00fang. C\u00f3 ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ea1o kh\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o ra hai kh\u00f3a: m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u00fang ri\u00eang t\u01b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai. Kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c xem ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ch\u1eef k\u00fd, t\u1ea1o ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n x\u00e1c minh<\/a>, l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef k\u00fd, tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Boolean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng hai thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1 Elliptic Curve<\/a> (ECDSA) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Bitcoin \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed7i n\u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n sao s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c Blockchain, do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00ec Blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n sao s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fat c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thao t\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng A g\u1eedi 10 Bitcoin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng B t\u1eeb v\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai trong m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i 10 Bitcoin th\u00e0nh 100 Bitcoin. Theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau v\u00e0
kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u01a1 quan trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n


T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn t\u1eebng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m n\u00fat l\u00e0 k\u1ebb gian ho\u1eb7c khi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111ang truy\u1ec1n \u0111i b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Blockchain ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 hai thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh: t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i "\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh", th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Blockchain.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cBlockchain\u201d l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn phi t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 phi t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a an ninh \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i. Do\u2026 Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Blockchain: Ph\u1ea7n 1<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blockchain","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Potential of Blockchain Technology Part 1 - Securitybriefing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the potential of Blockchain technology for socio-economic development Learn how it builds trust, reduces costs, and more.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/chuoi-khoi\/quyen-rieng-tu-va-bao-mat-la-dac-diem-chinh-cua-blockchain-phan-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Potential of Blockchain Technology Part 1 - 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