{"id":3511,"date":"2025-03-18T21:59:41","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T21:59:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/?p=3511"},"modified":"2025-03-18T21:59:45","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T21:59:45","slug":"ham-bam-giup-bao-mat-cong-nghe-blockchain-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/chuoi-khoi\/ham-bam-giup-bao-mat-cong-nghe-blockchain-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t hash gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain an to\u00e0n. M\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i trong chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/tien-dien-tu\/cong-nghe-blockchain-an-toan-den-muc-nao\/\" target=\"_self\">Blockchain<\/a> b\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Ch\u1eef k\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 b\u0103m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau theo c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 SHA-256 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ID ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng blockchain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n thao t\u00fang d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-a-hash-function-in-blockchain-technology\">H\u00e0m b\u0103m trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\u201cB\u0103m l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt blockchain.\u201d \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/work\/quotes\/59117246-blockchain-technology-explained-the-ultimate-beginner-s-guide-about-blo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Alan T. Norman<\/strong>, <em>Chuy\u00ean gia blockchain v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac blockchain. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e3 h\u00f3a n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt blockchain.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"definition-and-simple-properties-of-hash-functions\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m b\u0103m<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">H\u00e0m b\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hash_function\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1<\/a>. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin ban \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m\u201d, \u201cm\u00e3 b\u0103m\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cdigest\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng blockchain c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eadt m\u00e3. H\u00e0m b\u0103m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra b\u0103m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.halborn.com\/blog\/post\/blockchain-hash-functions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kh\u00e1ng va ch\u1ea1m<\/a>, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hai \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u0103m tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m t\u1ed1t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u201chi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ebft l\u1edf\u201d, n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 trong \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u0103m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia m\u1eadt m\u00e3 n\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201cM\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra (va ch\u1ea1m).\u201d Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u blockchain kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"oneway-transformation-process\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u201ckh\u00e1ng ti\u1ec1n \u1ea3nh\u201d v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i cho blockchain s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ee9ng \u2013 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ni\u00eam phong v\u1ecf tr\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \"kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 hai\". B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ea3 trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0m b\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u gi\u00fap blockchain c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u0103m v\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao blockchain kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fixed-output-length-whatever-the-input-size\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nhau b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, SHA-256, m\u00e0 Bitcoin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m 256 bit (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng 64 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb hay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t blockchain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau tr\u00ean to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e0m b\u0103m n\u00e9n c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap c\u00e1c blockchain x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e0m b\u0103m cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng qua to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc thay v\u00ec tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"core-mechanisms-of-blockchain-hashing\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u0103m blockchain<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u00e3 h\u00f3a tinh vi n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt blockchain. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. T\u00ednh b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a blockchain x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"creating-unique-digital-fingerprints\">T\u1ea1o d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>B\u0103m blockchain chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 con d\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u blockchain. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i qua h\u00e0m b\u0103m s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i gi\u00fap n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u2013 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ebft l\u1edf. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng blockchain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ch\u1ee9ng minh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung g\u1ed1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linking-blocks-through-previous-block-hashes\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a blockchain th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c con tr\u1ecf hash. M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i mang theo hash duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 hash c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \"chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i\" \u2013 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0m cho blockchain tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i c\u0169 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1edbi, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u blockchain s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng kh\u1ed1i sau khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi 10 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a blockchain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 neo to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: \u201cThay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t bit trong ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u00e0m cho kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ensuring-data-consistency-across-the-network\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>H\u00e0m b\u0103m gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng blockchain ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. B\u0103m kh\u1ed1i cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eebng giao d\u1ecbch ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m b\u0103m, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c n\u00fat ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c n\u00fat ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m kh\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n sao blockchain c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2y Merkle s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hashing theo l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 blockchain \u2013 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay duy nh\u1ea5t, li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau th\u00f4ng qua hashing. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-hash-functions-prevent-data-tampering\">C\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi blockchain g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-avalanche-effect-in-cryptographic-hashing\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ebft l\u1edf trong h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ebft l\u1edf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u1ecf thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u2014nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t bit\u2014t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn, ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m b\u0103m. M\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a bit th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00e1c bit \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch trong blockchain ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t hash ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia m\u1eadt m\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \"S\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00e1ng va ch\u1ea1m, kh\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ee9 hai.\"<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"detecting-even-minor-changes-in-block-data\">Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>M\u1ea1ng blockchain ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng can thi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a hash c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u2013 d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hash ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho blockchain tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hash c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c n\u00fat m\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c hash kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao blockchain c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hash \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ec9 ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb can thi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 hash sai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00fang, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. Hash c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p tr\u00ean to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"computational-difficulty-of-altering-linked-blocks\">\u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u0103m blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft. M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i b\u0103m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u blockchain m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1edbi cho kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \"Previous Hash\" c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp theo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1edbi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i sau<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nhanh h\u01a1n khi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi gia nh\u1eadp chu\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng blockchain 10 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u00fat, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. Chu\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u00e0i ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ebft l\u1edf, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhanh v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb can thi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"popular-hash-algorithms-in-major-blockchains\">C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c blockchain l\u1edbn<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng blockchain kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ecdn thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sha256-in-bitcoin\">SHA-256 trong Bitcoin<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Bitcoin s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SHA-256 (Secure Hashing Algorithm-256) l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi NSA, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh 256 bit \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Bitcoin. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ledger.com\/academy\/glossary\/sha-256\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SHA-256 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng khai<\/a> v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef k\u00fd n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bitcoin s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SHA-256 hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u0103m k\u00e9p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u1eebng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SHA-256 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c Proof of Work, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i. M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u0103m SHA-256 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c b\u0103m n\u00e0y gi\u1eef cho blockchain an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ethash-in-ethereum\">Ethash trong Ethereum<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Proof of Work \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ethereum s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ethash, m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Dagger-Hashimoto \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi SHA-256, <a href=\"https:\/\/cleartax.in\/s\/ethash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethash \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng ASIC<\/a>. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Ethash ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u1ea1o seed t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean 16 MB<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u 4+ GB (DAG)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb DAG trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb n\u00e0y gi\u00fap Ethereum duy tr\u00ec th\u1eddi gian kh\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng 12 gi\u00e2y. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng khai th\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"blake2b-in-zcash\">Blake2b trong Zcash<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Zcash \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m Blake2b v\u00ec n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c. Blake2b nhanh h\u01a1n SHA-256 v\u00e0 SHA-512 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zcash s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Blake2b trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng proof-of-work Equihash c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng 64-bit. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y nhanh h\u01a1n MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2 v\u00e0 SHA-3 trong khi v\u1eabn an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comparing-security-and-performance-tradeoffs\">So s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. SHA-256 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Ethash t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef khai th\u00e1c phi t\u1eadp trung nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blake2b c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 v\u1eeba nhanh v\u1eeba an to\u00e0n. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1edbi h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Blake3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u0169 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i blockchain x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. N\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"realworld-security-challenges-and-hash-solutions\">Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hash<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng blockchain ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m b\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"51-attack-prevention\">Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51%<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51% x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi, ng\u1eebng thanh to\u00e1n gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Bitcoin Gold \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 18 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la](<a href=\"https:\/\/hacken.io\/discover\/51-percent-attack\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/hacken.io\/discover\/51-percent-attack\/<\/a>) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c blockchain nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u0103m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Proof of Work sang Proof of Stake l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n<\/strong>: Th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c minh giao d\u1ecbch l\u00e2u h\u01a1n bu\u1ed9c k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng<\/strong>: N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"doublespending-protection\">B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chi ti\u00eau c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Bitcoin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 10 ph\u00fat trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o kh\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hash. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u1eddi gian khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tinh vi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng race v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Finney \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quantum-computing-threats-to-current-hash-functions\">M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt blockchain. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Shor ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong elip trong ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Grover l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m nh\u01b0 SHA-256 g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/nl\/en\/services\/risk-advisory\/perspectives\/quantum-computers-and-the-bitcoin-blockchain.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">b\u1ebb kh\u00f3a RSA trong kho\u1ea3ng 8 gi\u1edd<\/a>. Ch\u1eef k\u00fd Bitcoin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong v\u00f2ng 30 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u1edbi n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1eadt m\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec5u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1eadt m\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e3 v\u1edbi m\u00e3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hash ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>H\u00e0m b\u0103m l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt blockchain. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e3 h\u00f3a tinh vi n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ebft l\u1edf khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng blockchain kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c can thi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ecdn thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n hash d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. SHA-256 c\u1ee7a Bitcoin, Ethash c\u1ee7a Ethereum v\u00e0 Blake2b c\u1ee7a Zcash th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51% t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt blockchain. Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m b\u0103m v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a blockchain v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 phi t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng blockchain hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 khung b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hash t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain an to\u00e0n. M\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i trong chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd ri\u00eang. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p\u2026 <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/chuoi-khoi\/ham-bam-giup-bao-mat-cong-nghe-blockchain-nhu-the-nao\/\">Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">M\u1ed9t hash gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3519,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blockchain","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Does A Hash Help Secure Blockchain Technology? | Security Briefing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/chuoi-khoi\/ham-bam-giup-bao-mat-cong-nghe-blockchain-nhu-the-nao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Does A Hash Help Secure Blockchain Technology? | Security Briefing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A hash creates an unbreakable digital fingerprint that makes blockchain technology secure. 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