{"id":5298,"date":"2026-02-16T16:45:52","date_gmt":"2026-02-16T16:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/?p=5298"},"modified":"2026-02-25T13:52:31","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T13:52:31","slug":"cac-chi-so-ben-vung-phan-mem-cach-do-luong-va-cai-thien-tac-dong-moi-truong-cua-ma-nguon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/cong-nghe-2\/cac-chi-so-ben-vung-phan-mem-cach-do-luong-va-cai-thien-tac-dong-moi-truong-cua-ma-nguon\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c Ch\u1ec9 S\u1ed1 B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng Ph\u1ea7n M\u1ec1m: C\u00e1ch \u0110o L\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a M\u00e3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>D\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 2\u20133% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c AI, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Ng\u00e0nh ICT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u1edbi 20% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi n\u1ebfu xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng hay kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t. V\u1edbi ch\u00fang, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng ESG ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng trong quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-software-sustainability-really-means\">Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb theo th\u1eddi gian trong khi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00e3 h\u00f3a xanh\u201d, m\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng: m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi API, m\u1ed7i truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed carbon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong> gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u00edch l\u0169y n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n theo th\u1eddi gian. M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, quy tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng CI\/CD ph\u00ecnh to \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1eabn nhau. M\u00e3 s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n t\u1ed1n \u00edt chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n. Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00edt l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u01a1n. Xem ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-software-sustainability-metrics-matter-now\">T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Quan tr\u1ecdng Ngay B\u00e2y Gi\u1edd<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u01b0u ti\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c1p l\u1ef1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng.<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb B\u00e1o c\u00e1o B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a EU (CSRD) v\u00e0 khung Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Xanh r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng.<\/strong> Khi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng <a href=\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/cybersecurity\/cloud-security-tips-for-safeguarding-your-data\/\">c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/a>, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed. \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cam k\u1ebft ESG c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00f4ng khai, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n uy t\u00edn. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/strong> N\u0103m 2024, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 Carbon Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SCI), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Qu\u1ef9 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Xanh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua l\u00e0m ISO\/IEC 21031:2024. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t khung c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng carbon c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, chuy\u1ec3n l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ad hoc sang \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-software-carbon-intensity-sci-framework\">Khung C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 Carbon Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SCI)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Khung SCI x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-sci-works\">C\u00e1ch SCI Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>SCI t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SCI = ((E \u00d7 I) + M) \/ R<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n carbon c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>E (N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/strong> l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng kilowatt-gi\u1edd (kWh). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>I (C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 Carbon)<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 carbon c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111o b\u1eb1ng gam CO\u2082 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i kWh. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng than \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M (Carbon \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00fang)<\/strong> t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R (\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng)<\/strong> chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u2014 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi API, tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch, tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ML. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 SCI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh qua c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong khi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn quy m\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-sci-matters-for-engineering-teams\">T\u1ea1i sao SCI Quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c Nh\u00f3m K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Khung SCI chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp b\u00e1o c\u00e1o sang m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 SCI gi\u1ea3m qua c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 carbon tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (monolith so v\u1edbi microservices, serverless so v\u1edbi provisioned), \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng carbon c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o b\u1edfi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 carbon c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khung n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1edfng cho ba lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn: hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n), nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 carbon (ch\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt carbon h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian), v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"core-software-sustainability-metrics\">C\u00e1c Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i SCI, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"energy-consumption-metrics\">C\u00e1c Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong danh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (kWh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi API, tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u1ea3i trang, tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i truy v\u1ea5n), t\u1ed5ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i phi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 khi kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ngay c\u1ea3 khi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, do c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u0103m d\u00f2 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y d\u00f9 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 CodeCarbon, Cloud Carbon Footprint, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y t\u1eeb AWS, Azure, v\u00e0 GCP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"resource-utilization-metrics\">C\u00e1c Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho n\u00f3. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CPU d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i), v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/an-ninh-mang\/giao-thuc-internet-nao-duoc-su-dung-de-truyen-du-lieu-duoc-ma-hoa-mot-huong-dan-day-du\/\">kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1ng<\/a> tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5p b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trung b\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CPU 15% tr\u00ean c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng 85% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, kh\u1edbp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"carbon-emissions-metrics\">C\u00e1c Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i Carbon<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 carbon chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Carbon v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (ph\u1ea7n E \u00d7 I c\u1ee7a SCI). Carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang theo d\u00f5i ph\u1ea7n chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 carbon t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u00e0 carbon tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i tri\u1ec3n khai ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh theo d\u00f5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng CI\/CD, quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"code-quality-and-maintainability-metrics\">C\u00e1c Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec M\u00e3<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u00e3, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cyclomatic \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qua m\u00e3, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y. S\u1ef1 ph\u00ecnh to ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0m t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec m\u00e3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00e9m, qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u01a1n, m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"scalability-and-efficiency-metrics\">C\u00e1c Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng hay kh\u00f4ng. S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean theo d\u00f5i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh) hay t\u0103ng n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1n (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n). Th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i watt chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"practical-sustainability-practices-and-how-to-implement-them\">C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh sau \u0111\u00e2y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"continuous-energy-monitoring\">Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh quan s\u00e1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 carbon c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 Prometheus v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n Grafana, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 Cloud Carbon Footprint cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 thu th\u1eadp n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"green-architecture-decisions\">Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Xanh<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ea5p m\u00e3. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec th\u0103m d\u00f2 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng minh gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n bi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan. V\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c carbon chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u sang th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c n\u01a1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"efficient-cicd-pipelines\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng CI\/CD Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n carbon m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh CI\/CD b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cam k\u1ebft, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n song song th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh container b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"code-optimization-and-refactoring\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac M\u00e3<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e3, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2014 thay th\u1ebf SELECT * b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy v\u1ea5n N+1. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1y \u1edf t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t cao. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi API kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c g\u1ed9p, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 logic ph\u00eda m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rightsizing-infrastructure\">\u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 l\u1ea1i C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Cung c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 l\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea1y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5p, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tools-for-measuring-software-sustainability\">C\u00e1c C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Xanh<\/strong> , bao g\u1ed3m Khung T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn SCI, cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn cho \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng carbon, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ISO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CodeCarbon<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Python m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf theo d\u00f5i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ML.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n Carbon \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y tr\u00ean AWS, Azure, v\u00e0 GCP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Green Metrics<\/strong> t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n SCI cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng container h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CPU, v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SonarQube<\/strong> \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/strong> t\u1eeb AWS (C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 D\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n Carbon Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng), Google Cloud (D\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n Carbon), v\u00e0 Azure (B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng Kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i) cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng carbon c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/strong> nh\u01b0 Intel Power Gadget, RAPL (Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Trung b\u00ecnh Ch\u1ea1y) tr\u00ean Linux, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn m\u00e3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-examples-of-software-sustainability-metrics\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch (kWh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi API), \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 Carbon Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SCI), t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CPU v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i tri\u1ec3n khai, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 SCI, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO (ISO\/IEC 21031:2024), \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn cho \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng carbon.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-the-software-carbon-intensity-sci-framework\">Khung C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 Carbon Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SCI) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>SCI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Qu\u1ef9 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Xanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua l\u00e0m ISO\/IEC 21031:2024, n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c SCI = ((E \u00d7 I) + M) \/ R, trong \u0111\u00f3 E l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, I l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 carbon c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi, M l\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang, v\u00e0 R l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, v.v.).<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-the-5-ps-of-sustainability-applied-to-software\">5 P c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>5 P, Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, H\u00e0nh tinh, L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 Quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 sau: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m. H\u00e0nh tinh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon. L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, t\u1eeb CI\/CD xanh \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c carbon.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-the-three-types-of-software-metrics\">Ba lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t). C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (th\u1eddi gian x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t tri\u1ec3n khai, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i). C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n theo d\u00f5i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 (tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian, theo d\u00f5i chi ph\u00ed, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m). C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ba danh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-you-start-measuring-software-sustainability\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf. \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, v\u00e0 (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3) kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf nh\u01b0 Cloud Carbon Footprint. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch theo m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 qua c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"final-thoughts\">Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 SCI l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t, cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t khung c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh carbon, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c coi t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c thu th\u1eadp n\u1ed9i dung truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/tubetomp4.it.com\/\">Tube sang MP4<\/a> cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp ngo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung video, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00e3. T\u1eeb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed9 Carbon Ph\u1ea7n M\u1ec1m (SCI) theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e3 trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5302,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Software Sustainability Metrics: How to Measure and Improve the Environmental Impact of Code | Security Briefing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Software sustainability metrics provide a measurable framework for reducing the environmental impact of code. From energy consumption per transaction to the ISO-standardized Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) score, engineering teams now have concrete tools to track carbon emissions, optimize infrastructure, and improve long-term code efficiency. This guide explains how to measure, benchmark, and implement sustainability practices directly within real development workflows.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/cong-nghe-2\/cac-chi-so-ben-vung-phan-mem-cach-do-luong-va-cai-thien-tac-dong-moi-truong-cua-ma-nguon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Software Sustainability Metrics: How to Measure and Improve the Environmental Impact of Code | Security Briefing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Software sustainability metrics provide a measurable framework for reducing the environmental impact of code. From energy consumption per transaction to the ISO-standardized Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) score, engineering teams now have concrete tools to track carbon emissions, optimize infrastructure, and improve long-term code efficiency. This guide explains how to measure, benchmark, and implement sustainability practices directly within real development workflows.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/cong-nghe-2\/cac-chi-so-ben-vung-phan-mem-cach-do-luong-va-cai-thien-tac-dong-moi-truong-cua-ma-nguon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Security Briefing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-16T16:45:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-25T13:52:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Software-Sustainability-Metrics.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Daniel Barreto\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Daniel Barreto\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/technology\/software-sustainability-metrics-how-to-measure-and-improve-the-environmental-impact-of-code\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/technology\/software-sustainability-metrics-how-to-measure-and-improve-the-environmental-impact-of-code\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"C\u00e9sar Daniel Barreto\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/#\/schema\/person\/164e5a0bfff5012ebfb8eb4d03c2c24c\"},\"headline\":\"Software Sustainability Metrics: How to Measure and Improve the Environmental Impact of Code\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-16T16:45:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-25T13:52:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/technology\/software-sustainability-metrics-how-to-measure-and-improve-the-environmental-impact-of-code\/\"},\"wordCount\":2486,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/technology\/software-sustainability-metrics-how-to-measure-and-improve-the-environmental-impact-of-code\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Software-Sustainability-Metrics.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Technology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"vi\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/technology\/software-sustainability-metrics-how-to-measure-and-improve-the-environmental-impact-of-code\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/technology\/software-sustainability-metrics-how-to-measure-and-improve-the-environmental-impact-of-code\/\",\"name\":\"Software Sustainability Metrics: How to Measure and Improve the Environmental Impact of Code | Security Briefing\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/technology\/software-sustainability-metrics-how-to-measure-and-improve-the-environmental-impact-of-code\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/technology\/software-sustainability-metrics-how-to-measure-and-improve-the-environmental-impact-of-code\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Software-Sustainability-Metrics.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-16T16:45:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-25T13:52:31+00:00\",\"description\":\"Software sustainability metrics provide a measurable framework for reducing the environmental impact of code. From energy consumption per transaction to the ISO-standardized Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) score, engineering teams now have concrete tools to track carbon emissions, optimize infrastructure, and improve long-term code efficiency. 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