{"id":834,"date":"2022-10-07T17:56:54","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T17:56:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/?p=834"},"modified":"2025-07-01T15:11:45","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T15:11:45","slug":"hieu-he-thong-kiem-soat-truy-cap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/securitybriefing.net\/vi\/bao-ve\/hieu-he-thong-kiem-soat-truy-cap\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t Truy C\u1eadp"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an ninh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 an t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c to\u00e0n th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia an ninh m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01a1 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, v\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n


<\/span>An ninh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an ninh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 tin t\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

An ninh m\u1ea1ng so v\u1edbi An ninh v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201c<\/span>an ninh v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span><\/em>\u201dbao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. <\/span>An ninh v\u1eadt l\u00fd <\/span><\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00fd l\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.\u201c<\/span>An ninh m\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/em>, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. <\/span>An ninh m\u1ea1ng <\/span><\/em>bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an ninh m\u1ea1ng, quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, c\u1ea3 an ninh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 an ninh m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch an ninh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh an ninh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng an to\u00e0n (t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v.v.).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 an ninh c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng theo ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh b\u1ed5 sung li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an ninh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an ninh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

Ba l\u1edbp ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n
\"Ba<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 ba l\u1edbp chung \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. N\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t <\/span><\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean trong nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v.v. n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c chu vi b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Chu vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/span><\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian xung quanh m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c an to\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ranh gi\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng chu vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Chu vi b\u00ean trong <\/span><\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a chu vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch an ninh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 an ninh. Ba l\u1edbp an ninh th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

    An ninh chu vi logic<\/strong> \"Logical<\/h2>\n\n\n

    Ngo\u00e0i ba l\u1edbp v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 an ninh chu vi logic. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, ID ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n cho th\u00f4ng tin.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n

    Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

    T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n

    T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n an ninh v\u1eadt l\u00fd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp nh\u01b0 c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n

    Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c. Bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CCTV, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd an ninh c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm h\u01a1n, kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an ninh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

      Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n
      \"ki\u1ec3m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      \u01afu ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an ninh, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Egress, ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i. An ninh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ingress, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef an ninh, quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p cho ai \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. C\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n, h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Do \u0111\u00f3, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o, ra v\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc an ninh quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

      \u1ee6y quy\u1ec1n <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n

      \u1ee6y quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu vi l\u00e0 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y - nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o xung quanh ranh gi\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng an ninh nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o d\u00e2y th\u00e9p gai v\u1edbi c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u0169 trang.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa chu vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u00e3i \u0111\u1eadu xe cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh xa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o\/ra kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n an to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      An ninh n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t l\u00e0 an ninh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i, theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai v\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc. C\u00f3 c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m cho lo\u1ea1i an ninh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

      Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch an ninh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n

      M\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch an ninh t\u1ed1t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a an ninh \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch an ninh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi tai n\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch an ninh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khi ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

      Vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp trong an ninh m\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n

      Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Tin t\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00ed m\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1: <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. V\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Logic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, trong khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t logic b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ng quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an ninh m\u1ea1ng; c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ID c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, email ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd khi h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy c\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

        Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n

        Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy c\u1eadp, trong khi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 PIN; m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb kh\u00f3a; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e9t m\u1ed1ng m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp, v\u00ec v\u1eady sinh tr\u1eafc h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 qu\u00e9t d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

            Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n

            Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, trong khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ec7p, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Active Directory, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            2. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            3. Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

              Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p. Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia an ninh m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o n\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

              H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n
              \"Bi\u1ec3u<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 (RBAC), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp t\u00f9y \u00fd (DAC), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (MAC) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (HBAC).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              RBAC \u2013  <\/span><\/strong>l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u00e1n vai tr\u00f2 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng linh ho\u1ea1t l\u1eafm.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              DAC \u2013  <\/span><\/strong>ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u00e1n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n RBAC, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              MAC \u2013 <\/span><\/strong>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem n\u00f3. Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              HBAC \u2013 <\/span><\/strong>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ba lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n RBAC v\u00e0 MAC, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp n\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u1ea3 an ninh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

               <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an ninh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u2026 Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t Truy C\u1eadp<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1002,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-security","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nUnderstanding access control systems | Security Briefing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Find out how access control systems work and the different types of technologies you can use to secure your business's assets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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